行業所(suo)說的新能源汽(qi)車有三大(da)核心部(bu)件(jian)，分別是(shi)：“電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池”總成(cheng)：指電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池和電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池管理系統(tong);“電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)”總成(cheng)：指電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動機(ji)和電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動機(ji)控(kong)制(zhi)器(qi);“電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)控(kong)”總成(cheng)：包含車載(zai)DC/DC變換(huan)器(qi)、車載(zai)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動空調(diao)、PTC、高壓(ya)(ya)配(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)盒和其他(ta)高壓(ya)(ya)部(bu)件(jian)，主(zhu)要(yao)部(bu)件(jian)是(shi)車載(zai)DC/DC變換(huan)器(qi)和車載(zai)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)。

　　(1)充電機充電系統

　　新(xin)能源(yuan)汽車充(chong)電(dian)(dian)系統(tong)(tong)有許多分類方法(fa)。按照充(chong)電(dian)(dian)系統(tong)(tong)與公共電(dian)(dian)網是(shi)否直接接觸，分為接觸式充(chong)電(dian)(dian)系統(tong)(tong)和感應(ying)(ying)式充(chong)電(dian)(dian)系統(tong)(tong)。接觸式充(chong)電(dian)(dian)系統(tong)(tong)具(ju)有結(jie)構簡單、成(cheng)本較低、電(dian)(dian)能傳(chuan)輸效(xiao)率高等特(te)點，是(shi)目(mu)(mu)前主流的(de)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)系統(tong)(tong)。感應(ying)(ying)式充(chong)電(dian)(dian)系統(tong)(tong)不需要電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)插座或充(chong)電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)纜，電(dian)(dian)能通過(guo)埋(mai)在路(lu)面內(nei)的(de)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)板無線傳(chuan)送給車內(nei)的(de)動力電(dian)(dian)池(chi)實現充(chong)電(dian)(dian)，感應(ying)(ying)式充(chong)電(dian)(dian)系統(tong)(tong)具(ju)有通用(yong)性強(qiang)、操作簡單、節(jie)約人力成(cheng)本、節(jie)省(sheng)土地資(zi)源(yuan)等優點。但(dan)結(jie)構復雜、效(xiao)率較低成(cheng)本較高，目(mu)(mu)前小(xiao)范圍應(ying)(ying)用(yong)于公交車等公共充(chong)電(dian)(dian)領域。

　　充電(dian)機按照充電(dian)系(xi)統是(shi)否安(an)裝(zhuang)在車(che)(che)(che)上，分為車(che)(che)(che)載充電(dian)系(xi)統和非車(che)(che)(che)載充電(dian)系(xi)統。車(che)(che)(che)載充電(dian)系(xi)統安(an)裝(zhuang)在車(che)(che)(che)輛(liang)內部，具有(you)體積小、冷卻和封閉性(xing)好、重量輕(qing)等優點，但功率普遍較小，充電(dian)所耗時間長;非車(che)(che)(che)載充電(dian)系(xi)統安(an)裝(zhuang)在新能源汽(qi)車(che)(che)(che)外(wai)部，具有(you)規模大(da)、使用圍廣、功率大(da)等優點，但體積大(da)、重量大(da)、不易移動，主(zhu)要適用于新能源汽(qi)車(che)(che)(che)的快(kuai)速充電(dian)。

　　充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)按照充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)所耗時間，分為(wei)慢(man)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)和快(kuai)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)，分別對應直(zhi)流供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)和交(jiao)流供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)兩(liang)種(zhong)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)模(mo)式。慢(man)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)主要由(you)車(che)(che)輛外部至供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)端線(xian)纜、充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)接(jie)(jie)(jie)口及線(xian)纜、車(che)(che)載充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)、高壓線(xian)束(shu)、高壓配電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)設備(bei)、動(dong)力(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池及其(qi)控制器等構成。充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)或家用交(jiao)流電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源通(tong)過車(che)(che)輛接(jie)(jie)(jie)口及線(xian)束(shu)與車(che)(che)載充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)連接(jie)(jie)(jie)，將(jiang)交(jiao)流220V電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源轉(zhuan)換為(wei)直(zhi)流電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，給動(dong)力(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池進行(xing)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過程(cheng)由(you)車(che)(che)載充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)與BMS之間進行(xing)CAN通(tong)信交(jiao)互，保證充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過程(cheng)的安全(quan)。相較(jiao)慢(man)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)，快(kuai)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)架構較(jiao)為(wei)簡單，涉及到的車(che)(che)端零部件僅為(wei)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)接(jie)(jie)(jie)口、快(kuai)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)線(xian)束(shu)動(dong)力(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池及其(qi)控制器。快(kuai)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)設備(bei)為(wei)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)，充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)內部包含電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源模(mo)塊、計費(fei)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)、通(tong)信及控制系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)、讀卡及授權系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)等。快(kuai)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)將(jiang)三(san)相380V工業電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)直(zhi)接(jie)(jie)(jie)轉(zhuan)成直(zhi)給動(dong)力(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池進行(xing)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過程(cheng)由(you)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)的通(tong)信模(mo)塊與BMS進行(xing)通(tong)信以保證安全(quan)。

　　(2) 充電機充電方式

　　電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)采(cai)用不(bu)同(tong)的充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方法對電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)壽命(ming)會有不(bu)同(tong)程度的影(ying)響(xiang)，采(cai)用適當的充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方式對延長電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的使用壽命(ming)意(yi)義(yi)重大。常(chang)見的車載充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方式有恒壓(ya)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、恒流(liu)(liu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、階段性(xing)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、脈沖充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)等。恒壓(ya)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，在整個充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過(guo)程中充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)保持不(bu)變(bian)，充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)隨著充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時間的增加而逐漸減(jian)小，當充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)小于一(yi)定值后停止充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。整個充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過(guo)程中能耗較小，能有效避(bi)免電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)過(guo)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)，控制(zhi)簡單，易于操作。但往往待充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的初(chu)始電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)值較小，導致充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)初(chu)期的充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)很大，過(guo)大的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)一(yi)方面會造成(cheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)極化現(xian)象的發生，影(ying)響(xiang)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)速度;另一(yi)方面造成(cheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)溫度迅速提升，嚴重時容易燒壞電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)，釀成(cheng)事故。所以在充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)開始階段，需要對充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)值進(jin)行限(xian)制(zhi)，讓電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)保持在一(yi)個可接受的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)范圍內充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。

　　恒(heng)(heng)流(liu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)開始時(shi)以恒(heng)(heng)定的電(dian)流(liu)為(wei)動力電(dian)池(chi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)，將(jiang)要充(chong)(chong)(chong)滿時(shi)，改用(yong)恒(heng)(heng)定的小電(dian)流(liu)進行(xing)浮(fu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)，用(yong)來充(chong)(chong)(chong)足(zu)剩(sheng)余電(dian)量(liang)和補償(chang)電(dian)池(chi)自放電(dian)當充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)電(dian)壓達到額定電(dian)壓時(shi)停止充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)。恒(heng)(heng)流(liu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)

　　電避免了恒壓充電電流過大的(de)問題(ti)，電流始終被限制(zhi)在電池組可接受的(de)范圍內。

　　階(jie)(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)性充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)根據(ju)(ju)實際應用(yong)(yong)情況可(ke)以分為兩階(jie)(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)或者三階(jie)(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。第(di)(di)一階(jie)(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)為恒(heng)流(liu)(liu)(liu)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，用(yong)(yong)大電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)快(kuai)速給電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，使(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)達到一定電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)值(zhi)(根據(ju)(ju)動力(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)組電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)設定);第(di)(di)二階(jie)(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)為恒(heng)壓(ya)(ya)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，用(yong)(yong)比恒(heng)流(liu)(liu)(liu)小點(dian)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)繼續對電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，降(jiang)低電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)產氣量(liang);第(di)(di)三階(jie)(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)為浮充(chong)(chong)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，以涓流(liu)(liu)(liu)給電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，確保電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)能夠充(chong)(chong)滿，當控制系統檢測(ce)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)小于一定設定值(zhi)時，結束充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。階(jie)(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)性充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)結合了恒(heng)壓(ya)(ya)與恒(heng)流(liu)(liu)(liu)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方式的(de)優點(dian)，有(you)利于減少電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)極化，避(bi)免了過充(chong)(chong)和大電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)沖擊。目前，充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)大多(duo)采用(yong)(yong)階(jie)(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)性充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)

　　恒(heng)壓(ya)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、恒(heng)流充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)和(he)(he)階(jie)段性充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)和(he)(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流是連續的(de)，沒有給電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)足夠(gou)的(de)休息時間來消除(chu)極化現象(xiang)(xiang)，極化可以(yi)引起(qi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)過熱，析氣等現象(xiang)(xiang)，限制充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)速(su)度，嚴重時影(ying)響電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)壽(shou)命(ming)。脈沖(chong)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方(fang)式(shi)和(he)(he)正負脈沖(chong)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方(fang)式(shi)采用不連續的(de)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流，能(neng)有效地減少或消除(chu)極化現象(xiang)(xiang)的(de)發生(sheng)，加(jia)快充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)速(su)度和(he)(he)延緩電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)使用壽(shou)命(ming)。

　　脈(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)沖(chong)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方式采用脈(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)沖(chong)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)間(jian)歇為電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)提供充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)足(zu)的(de)(de)休息(xi)時(shi)間(jian)，有利(li)于(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)內部的(de)(de)活性(xing)物(wu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)分反應，有效(xiao)(xiao)地減少和(he)消除(chu)極(ji)化(hua)現象(xiang)的(de)(de)發生，并可以采用較大的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，而(er)不(bu)必擔心電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)過(guo)熱和(he)析氣，能(neng)(neng)(neng)有效(xiao)(xiao)提高充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)效(xiao)(xiao)率、縮短(duan)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)間(jian)、延(yan)緩電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)壽命。正(zheng)負(fu)脈(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)沖(chong)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方式是對(dui)脈(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)沖(chong)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方式的(de)(de)改進(jin)，整(zheng)個充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過(guo)程中包括正(zheng)脈(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)沖(chong)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、間(jian)歇休息(xi)和(he)負(fu)脈(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)沖(chong)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。首先進(jin)行正(zheng)脈(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)沖(chong)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，休息(xi)一段時(shi)間(jian)后(hou)，再(zai)對(dui)其(qi)進(jin)行短(duan)暫的(de)(de)負(fu)脈(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)沖(chong)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。對(dui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)短(duan)暫的(de)(de)負(fu)脈(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)沖(chong)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)(neng)有效(xiao)(xiao)去(qu)除(chu)極(ji)化(hua)現象(xiang)的(de)(de)發生，加快電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)內部的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)化(hua)學反應，降(jiang)低電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)溫度，雖然損失(shi)了部分電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)(neng)，但能(neng)(neng)(neng)夠使電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)以較高的(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，能(neng)(neng)(neng)有效(xiao)(xiao)加快充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)速度和(he)提高充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)效(xiao)(xiao)率，延(yan)緩電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)壽命。

　　新能源汽車廠商在實施IATF16949認證時須(xu)識別適(shi)用法(fa)律法(fa)規并參考實施。

　　(3) 車載充電機工作原理與技術要求

　　按照《電(dian)(dian)動汽(qi)車用傳導(dao)式車載充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)機》的(de)定義(yi)車載充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)機是指固定安裝(zhuang)在電(dian)(dian)動汽(qi)車上，將(jiang)公(gong)共電(dian)(dian)網的(de)電(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)變換為車載儲能(neng)(neng)裝(zhuang)置(zhi)(zhi)所要求的(de)直(zhi)流(liu)電(dian)(dian)，并給車載儲能(neng)(neng)裝(zhuang)置(zhi)(zhi)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)的(de)裝(zhuang)置(zhi)(zhi)。車載充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)機由交流(liu)輸入接口、功(gong)率單元、控制單元、直(zhi)流(liu)輸出接口等(deng)部分(fen)組成，

　　車載(zai)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機主要由功(gong)率電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)和(he)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)組(zu)(zu)成(cheng)。功(gong)率電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)由變壓(ya)器(qi)(qi)和(he)功(gong)率管組(zu)(zu)成(cheng)的DC/DC變換器(qi)(qi)是(shi)其重要組(zu)(zu)成(cheng)部分，控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)核心(xin)是(shi)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)器(qi)(qi)，用來實現與BMS的CAN通(tong)信，并(bing)(bing)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)功(gong)率電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)按照三段式充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)曲線給鋰電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)組(zu)(zu)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。當車載(zai)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機接(jie)上交流電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)后，并(bing)(bing)不(bu)是(shi)立刻將電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)輸出(chu)給電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)，而是(shi)通(tong)過BMS電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)管理系(xi)統(tong)首先對電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的狀態進(jin)行采集分析和(he)判斷，進(jin)而調整充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機的充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)參(can)數(shu)。

　　車載充電(dian)機有兩大部分，電(dian)源部分(主回路)和充電(dian)機控制(zhi)主板。

　　充(chong)(chong)電(dian)機控(kong)制住主(zhu)板主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)是(shi)對(dui)電(dian)源部分進(jin)行控(kong)制、監測、計量、計算、修正、保護以及與外界網絡通信(xin)等(deng)功能，是(shi)車載充(chong)(chong)電(dian)機的“中樞(shu)大腦”。源部分主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)是(shi)將220伏交流電(dian)轉化為300多伏的直流電(dian)，電(dian)源部分又分為PFC和LLC兩部分，實(shi)際(ji)上我們可以把(ba)(ba)PFC看(kan)作(zuo)(zuo)是(shi)AC/DC,而把(ba)(ba)LLC看(kan)作(zuo)(zuo)是(shi)DC/DC。

　　目前(qian)，市(shi)場(chang)上的(de)乘(cheng)用車和(he)專用車車載充(chong)電機(ji)功(gong)率主要(yao)包(bao)括3.3kw和(he)6.6kw，效率集中在93%~95%之間，冷卻方式(shi)(shi)主要(yao)包(bao)括風(feng)冷和(he)水冷，產(chan)品防護等級普遍可以達(da)到IP67。客車領域(yu)采用“交(jiao)流快(kuai)充(chong)方式(shi)(shi)”的(de)40kw、80kw大功(gong)率車載充(chong)電機(ji)。國(guo)(guo)內部分車載充(chong)電機(ji)企業已進(jin)入國(guo)(guo)外整車企業供應鏈。

　　新能源(yuan)汽車車載充電機相(xiang)關(guan)參考標準(zhun)如下，由于標準(zhun)太大上傳占用網站空間影響運行速度(du)故未上傳，有需(xu)要(yao)企業可(ke)聯(lian)系在線客服獲得。

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